Progressive Care Nursing Certification (PCCN) Practice Exam

What vital sign finding is most consistent with a patient who has developed a pulmonary embolism?

1. Increased blood pressure

2. Decreased heart rate

3. Elevated respiratory rate

4. Normal oxygen saturation

The correct answer is: Elevated respiratory rate

In the context of a pulmonary embolism (PE), an elevated respiratory rate is a vital sign finding that is commonly observed. This occurs because the presence of a clot in the pulmonary arteries obstructs blood flow, leading to inadequate oxygenation and resultant hypoxia. To compensate for this lack of oxygen, the body responds with tachypnea, or an increased respiratory rate, as the patient attempts to improve oxygen intake and maintain adequate gas exchange. In patients with PE, other vital signs may also be affected, such as increased heart rate and possibly changes in blood pressure; however, the hallmark response to hypoxia is typically an increase in the respiratory rate. Therefore, observing an elevated respiratory rate in a patient with suspected PE is a critical clinical indicator that can guide further investigation and management. Understanding the significance of respiratory rate in the context of PE enables healthcare providers to recognize the condition early and address it appropriately, which is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.